In order to access the Device Manager, head to the Start Menu through the Task Bar and click “Control Panel.” Select “Hardware,” then select the Device Manager from the available list. Navigate to the machine’s Device Manager. This process is meant for Microsoft Windows OS users. The virtual disk will no longer load when the drive is connected. This process will not regain lost storage on the disk and simply makes the partition and the virtual drive that loads from it disappear. Note: This method does not delete the SmartWare from the WD drive, but simply prevents it from loading. Removing the WD SmartWare prevents these resources from being consumed while the drive is connected to the system. Memory and CPU use can easily be overwhelmed when the SmartWare is on the WD drive. Resource Usage – When the SmartWare is loaded, it takes up a sizable portion of the computer’s resources. The drive may be an eyesore for those who keep the hard drive loaded on their system and it normally cannot be removed easily. Linux based systems can also see the partition, but cannot make changes to the partition due to the drive’s onboard hardware. Virtual Drive Appearance – The virtual drive loads onto both Windows and Apple computers’ desktops. Therefore, less than a gigabyte to more than a few gigabytes are missing on the main partition due to the hidden partition and software that are included. The software is located on a hidden drive partition, which removes a reasonable amount of storage capacity. Storage Capacity – A hard drive that has SmartWare on it no longer has full storage capacity. The most common reasons for removing SmartWare are: The WD SmartWare may also be useless to some users who may want to remove it. WD hard drives with SmartWare also have some utilities that some users will find useful if their computer can support them. The SmartWare can provide backup solutions that may not be available with the operating system in use. Modern Western Digital drives come with a firmware called “SmartWare,” which can be useful to some users. Western Digital (WD) Portable Hard Drives are capable of storing quite a bit of information.
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Surprisingly, besides quantitative changes of the root system and a defect of vascular development in the arr1 arr10 arr12 triple mutant ( Mason et al., 2005 Yokoyama et al., 2007), no strong morphological alterations were described. However, different cytokinin response assays showed increasing cytokinin resistance for higher order mutants ( Mason et al., 2005 Yokoyama et al., 2007). Loss-of-function mutants of single B-type ARR genes ( ARR1, ARR2, ARR10, ARR11, and ARR18) caused no strong phenotypic alterations. The analysis of B-type ARR mutants has revealed their involvement in cytokinin signaling but also a high degree of functional redundancy ( Sakai et al., 2001 Horák et al., 2003 Hass et al., 2004 Mason et al., 2005). Reverse transcription-PCR, microarray, and promoter- GUS fusion experiments have demonstrated that the members of the B-type ARR family have large and overlapping expression domains ( Mason et al., 2004 Tajima et al., 2004 Zimmermann et al., 2004 summarized by Heyl et al., 2006). B-type ARRs regulate the transcription of their target genes in response to cytokinin treatment ( Sakai et al., 2000 Hwang and Sheen, 2001 Lohrmann et al., 2001 Imamura et al., 2003). Several B-type ARRs have been shown to bind to the same or very similar sequence motifs ( Sakai et al., 2000 Hosoda et al., 2002 Imamura et al., 2003). The DNA-binding domains share a high degree of sequence conservation, in particular in the nine amino acids that were identified in ARR10 to be most likely in direct contact with the DNA ( Hosoda et al., 2002). They possess, in addition to the response regulator domain, a MYB-class DNA-binding domain ( Riechmann et al., 2000). A negative feedback on the cytokinin signaling pathway was shown to be mediated by members of this protein class ( Hwang and Sheen, 2001 To et al., 2004).Īrabidopsis encodes 11 B-type ARRs. These transcription factors regulate the transcription of their target genes, one group of which codes for A-type response regulators. After transphosphorylation within the receptor, the phosphate group is transferred to His phosphotransfer proteins, which subsequently locate to the nucleus, where they activate B-type response regulators (ARRs) via phosphorylation. In the current model, which has been developed mainly in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana), the hormone is perceived by membrane-bound hybrid His-kinase receptors, which autophosphorylate upon binding of the hormone ligand. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward the understanding of how the cytokinin signal is perceived and transduced ( Heyl and Schmülling, 2003 Kakimoto, 2003 Mizuno, 2004 Heyl et al., 2006 Hwang and Sakakibara, 2006 Müller and Sheen, 2007). The plant hormone cytokinin is involved in many developmental processes and plays a critical role in numerous physiological responses to changes in the environment ( Mok and Mok, 2001). This study demonstrates the usefulness of chimeric repressor silencing technology to overcome redundancy in transcription factor families for functional studies. In addition, a role for B-type ARRs in mediating cross talk with other pathways is supported by the resistance of 35S: ARR1-SRDX seeds to phytochrome B-mediated inhibition of germination by far-red light. Collectively, the suppression of pleiotropic cytokinin activities by a dominant repressor version of a B-type ARR indicates that this protein family is involved in mediating most, if not all, of the cytokinin activities in Arabidopsis. The transcript levels of more than 500 genes were more than 2.5-fold reduced in 35S: ARR1-SRDX transgenic seedlings, suggesting a broad function of B-type ARRs. The rapid induction of a large part of the cytokinin response genes was dampened. Several bioassays showed that 35S: ARR1-SRDX plants have an increased resistance toward cytokinin. 35S: ARR1-SRDX transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed phenotypic changes reminiscent of plants with a reduced cytokinin status, such as a strongly reduced leaf size, an enhanced root system, and larger seeds. In a protoplast test system, ARR1-SRDX suppressed ARR6: β-glucuronidase reporter gene activation by different B-type ARRs. We generated a dominant repressor version of the Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator ARR1 (ARR1-SRDX) using chimeric repressor silencing technology in order to study the extent of the contribution of B-type response regulators to cytokinin activities. In planta functional analysis of this family is hampered by the high level of functional redundancy of its 11 members. One component of this system are B-type response regulators, transcription factors mediating at least part of the response to cytokinin. The signal transduction of the phytohormone cytokinin is mediated by a multistep histidine-to-aspartate phosphorelay system. Select the camera you’d like to use and hit add. Select the layer to display the live video and click the ‘camera’ icon. The layers have four options: Camera, Audio Source, Desktop Presenter, or Previously Recorded File. Within Wirecast, you should see two windows on the top half of your screen. Make sure all of your cameras, microphones, hardware, and other devices are plugged in or installed and ready to use. However, you can follow the same steps for other video streaming platforms that are compatible with Wirecast. We’ll focus specifically on broadcasting using the Dacast streaming service. Now that you’re familiar with Wirecast, let’s dive into the nitty-gritty of how to live stream with this encoder. The following live stream encoder settings are required for live streaming with Dacast, regardless of your selected resolution and bitrate: VIDEO CODECīroadcasting Events with Dacast Using Wirecast Live Streaming Note: Check out this article on live stream encoding software to review encoding software in general, before learning more about Wirecast in particular. For more context, you can also review this article on live streaming CDN s. The software comes with over 200 presets for streaming servers, services, and CDN’s. Furthermore, Wirecast doesn’t restrict you to streaming from one proprietary CDN (Content Delivery Networks). You can record your entire live broadcast straight to your hard drive as an MP4, Windows Media or MOV. Wirecast covers a large range of video resolutions and bitrates designed to work for any project size. Wirecast’s main role is to encode, and it does that job well. For example, you can add color filters or even create your own. Editing during the live stream is easy to do with Wirecast. With Wirecast, you can add motion or still titles to your broadcast. Overlays are titles and other displays that you can add to your live stream. Wirecast allows you to use overlays with your stream. Use of multiple cameras and audio sources, and.The inputs compatible with Wirecast for live broadcasting include: It supports both Mac and Windows users in broadcasting live video streams. Telestream’s Wirecast is a live video streaming production encoder. Let’s start by taking a closer look at Wirecast and what it does before jumping into how it can support your Wirecast live stream. Specifically, we’ll walk you through how to set up your Wirecast encoder with step-by-step instructions to get you streaming quickly and effectively. Our goal is to help you maximize Wirecast’s features for your live event streaming. In this article, we’ll cover the basics of how to live stream with Wirecast. As you may be aware, using and understanding a live streaming encoder can be one of the most challenging aspects of live event streaming. Wondering how to use the Wirecast encoder for live streaming on your website ?Įncoding is a vital aspect of live streaming. And Minecraft is a wonderful mirror that is nothing if not a reflection of you.A better thing to look at, is look what's going on with the development for PC. Build high or long or with moats and forests. If it looked too realistic, like Gran Turismo or even The Sims, it wouldn’t have the signature style that makes this game unique. The graphics in Minecraft are old school, a nod to the early days of video games. If you play a really long time, you might even find the elusive Ender Dragon. Eventually, you’ll learn to make fire and electricity. There are plenty of achievements to get as you go along, such as when you make a furnace, open your inventory for the first time or catch a fish. Stay away from him during the day or night. The Creeper, a handless creature with a twisted, angry mouth, isn’t always a night owl. So I swam out to sea and stayed on a sandbar until morning. My shelter wasn’t finished, and I couldn’t hide from him! I heard a ka-pow, and wham, I lost half my health. Since I was kind of hypnotized by the sights, I didn’t realize it was a Creeper, one of the annoying monsters of Minecraft. As I stood there and gawked at nature’s beauty, I heard some steps behind me. A square block of a moon rose high in the sky, and stars twinkled. I just set up the beginnings of a small shack by the sea. I didn’t make anything grand and glorious right away. Use the right controller trigger to dig into the Earth and cut wood from trees. Simple piano music plays as you arrive on the shores of a beach. When you dive into Minecraft, the experience is immediately really cool and charming. You spend more of your time making things instead of puzzling over how to do things. That kind of research can be fun if you have nothing but time on your hands. You had to figure out which substance would make what tool or piece of castle. With the original Minecraft for the PC, there was a ton of detective work you had to do. The tutorials also make the game more kid friendly. Since I’m a console guy, I enjoy making my structures with the controller as opposed to the PC mouse.Īnd there are tips galore, even as the game loads for the first time. So let’s see if the Xbox Live version is as deep as the PC version.įirst, the Xbox game lets you play co-op with friends and has its own crafting system to make things like tools. You’re limited only by your own brain … and the time you put in. It’s not just fun, it’s also really creative. Finding the materials to make your own tools to build the wood into, say, a mansion, is mining, too. You turn them into wood and then make your own structures. Gathering up trees is, in a sense, mining. So where does the mining come in? The word “mine” is used loosely here. You take various textured cubes and build what you want. It’s a little like LEGO and a little like Lincoln Logs. In case you don’t know, Minecraft is a building game. Co-op ability.Ĭons: World is slightly smaller than on the PC. Now, the game has sold a million copies within a few days of its release on Xbox Live. And Minecraft has even been taught in schools. Since it first hit PCs a couple of years ago, Minecraft has taken the world by storm. Minecrafter wrote: " Friends□ " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.Anon wrote: " So this is dog heaven!! " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.Dobieboy wrote: " Are they ready Yet? " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.An Arctic Fox wrote: " What did you do to them? You torturer! You betrayed me!! " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.Buddy wrote: " Can I jump in? " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.bruh wrote: " Quick! We have to get out of here before the humans come back and put you in the dryer! " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.Bob wrote: " They are all mine " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo.OreoLeAwesome wrote: " I finally found them! " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo." posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo. Tigger wrote: " Hey! That’s my hiding spot! " posted to Write a Funny Caption For This Photo. Genre: Action Adventure, Sandbox Platform: Unity Client: Windows, macOS, SteamOS/Linux Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Fhacktions By Posibillian Techįhacktions (2017)Fhacktions is a location-based team battle mobile game, set in a not so distant future ruled by factions of hackers (the game is a mix location based and MOBA).įhacktions received the “Best Audio” Award in Indie Prize USA in 2017, and was Finalist in “Best Multiplayer Game” in Indie Prize in Singapore and Indie Prize Kiev in 2017. Build and burn, sail and explore, stay out of reach. These are the basics, you will need much more to stay alive on this cut-off-the-world, yet not desert island. Look for food and resources, craft gear, make a shelter. The storm is gone, the worst certainly not. Out of ReachYou are a castaway stranded in the middle of nowhere. Genre: RPG / Fighting Platform: Marmelade Client: iOS, Android, PC, Mac, Windows Phone Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Out of Reach By Space Boat Studios This game lets you equip your character with countless lethal weapons and rare armor sets, and features dozens of lifelike-animated Martial Arts techniques!Ĭrush your enemies, humiliate demon bosses, and be the one to close the Gate of Shadows. Shadow Fight 2Shadow Fight 2 is a nail-biting mix of RPG and classical Fighting. Genre: MMORPG Platform: Flash Client: Browser, iOS, Android Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Shadow Fight 2 By Banzai / Nekki Prove you’re the mightiest hero in the land by competing in the PvP arena, Raids, and weekly events for awesome prizes! Take your most powerful friends and guildmates along to battle at your side! Build your team by capturing monsters and bosses to fight at your side in old school, turn-based combat. Genre: Fitness Platform: iOS Client: iOS Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Bit Heroes By Juppiomenzīit HeroesExplore a vast new MMORPG world inspired by your favorite 8-bit & 16-bit dungeon crawlers.īit Heroes captures that charm and nostalgia of your favorite RPGs, delivering them seamlessly to your mobile device.Ĭollect and craft thousands of pieces of loot to increase your power. RunSocial is now being used by major marathons to bring the experience to individuals who either didn’t qualify or are unable to physically attend the event. As you run, you can see other people running the same route from the comfort of their own homes or gyms all over the world. Using real-time video interpolation, the video route is advanced through as slow or as fast as the treadmill is moving with no discernible degradation in video quality.Īdditionally, what differentiates the user experience is the fact that the entire application is multi-user. As the treadmill is used, the app displays HD video routes from all over the world and synchronizes with the speed at which the treadmill is operating. Developed as a mobile app, RunSocial can be installed on tablets and securely attached to a treadmill. RunSocialRunSocial is described as a Digital Fitness Revolution. Using Midoki's cutting edge 3D game engine, Plunder Pirates transports you to the bright and colourful Caribbean Seas, where building a base and battling rival pirates has never been so much fun! Genre: Strategy Platform: iOS Client: iOS Server: SmartFoxServer 2X RunSocial By RunSocial Plunder PiratesTake to the high seas as a cut-throat buccaneer, plundering and defeating all others to become the most notorious pirate the world has ever known. Genre: RPG / Fighting Platform: Unity Client: iOS, Android Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Plunder Pirates By Midoki Ltd / Rovio Stars Ltd How do you see the future? It's your call! Choose from three different fighting styles, experiment, combine your gear, learn some fresh new moves and explore a massive world full of adventures! Enjoy the beauty of a real fight which has been made possible due to modern technologies and smooth animations. In this RPG-fighting game you will take on a role of a hero whose destiny isn't determined yet. Reveal all its dark secrets and become the greatest warrior this land has ever seen. Shadow Fight 3Step into the world of shadows at the time of changes. Genre: MMO RPG / Adventure Platform: Unity Client: Windows Server: SmartFoxServer 2X Shadow Fight 3 By Banzai / Nekki In the game, players assume the role of a novice Temtem tamer who starts their journey around the six floating islands of the Airbone Archipelago while facing the threat of Clan Belsoto, an evil organization that plans to rule over the islands by force. Players explore the area capturing the eponymous Temtem creatures and command them in battles against other Temtem controlled by an NPC or another player. TemTemTemtem is a massively multiplayer creature-collection adventure inspired by Pokémon. This results in smoother print surfaces when printing such curves. Its free for all people to download and ready to offer. Fixed an issue that left tiny artifacts in certain curves, causing the print head to slow down. Ultimaker Cura for PC Windows 7/8/10 is a tool that is suitable for those who own a 3D printer. Cura.exe and ELEGOO Cura.exe are the most common filenames for this program's installer. Our built-in antivirus scanned this download and rated it as 100 safe. The most popular versions among Ultimaker Cura users are 4.7, 3.3 and 3.0. Cura 3D is the friendly face of slicing software, so much so that many users dont even realize what its doing. Previously, when changing percentages, the wrong axis would be scaled, resulting in a broken model. The 4.13.1 version of Ultimaker Cura is provided as a free download on our software library. If you load a project file, you can now select which printer type you want to open it with, improving user experience when working with project files and multiple printers. Ultimaker Cura now shows a different color when an object is below the build plate, creating a clear visual of which part of the object will be cut off and not printed. This improves user experience, especially for batch production, saving time by minimizing the number of manual steps for build plate arrangement. Parts are automatically more tightly packed, using the full available space of the build plate. An improved arrange models feature, however, helps you quickly organize your build plate. The latest version of Ultimaker Cura is 4.8, released on. If your download is not starting, click here. It was checked for updates 1,037 times by the users of our client application UpdateStar during the last month. Windows Photo & Graphics 3D Design Cura Download Download Cura Free. The latest firmware will be installed on your printer automatically. Ultimaker Cura is a Shareware software in the category Internet developed by Ultimaker. Windows / Photo & Design / 3D Modeling / Ultimaker Cura. Select your printer, and select Update firmware. Download Ultimaker Cura for Windows, one of the most popular apps from the developer Ultimaker, and for free. Open the Manage Printers menu of the printer dropdown menu. You must have an active Microsoft account to download the. Make sure your printer is added to Ultimaker Cura. By Ultimaker Free Visit Site The Download Now link directs you to the Windows Store, where you can continue the download process. Until now, the arrange models feature has not fully utilized the build plate’s area, meaning users were spending too much time arranging models’ positions upon it. To update to the latest firmware on these printers: Connect your printer to your PC running Ultimaker Cura. Your DM allows players to create magical items in this manner, you would have to craft the base for the item whether it be a robe or etc. There is little need in most (non-social) campaigns for other tools, there are a few exceptions I can think of though. Most tools other than Disguise Kit, Thieves Tools, Smithing tools, Leatherworking tools, Herb Kits, and Forgery Kit are for flavor reasons. Alchemists don't necessarily need magical knowledge, I would extend this to anyone with the Sage or Guild Artisan who picks his trade to be alchemy, despite most people going sage background are likely spellcasters. I find that this seems like the most logical way of going about it, other than the spellcaster only for alchemists. Sacks, lots of sacks - Useful for carrying loot, a Medusas head, ect, ect. Sharpen an edge and you have a utility axe. Also handy when you have to climb up a building. Grappling hook - Very important when there's no tree or rock to anchor a rope. Advantage on opening locked doors or locked chests = win. Must have equipment you always need but never seem to have.Ĭrow Bar. This also works hand in hand with the calligraphers supplies. How do you strap it to your body? Which leads to.Ĭobblers tools - If your DM is really into the minutia, then your shoes and boots need constant attention as they get the most abuse.Ĭartographers tools - Needed for mapping out dungeons and trail blazing unexplored terrain. You can use two rocks to bang out dents in armor. Remember, most armor is held together with leather straps. Leatherworker's tools - For fixing armor. Smith's tools - Great for fixing metal armor or straightening bent weapons. The vials can also be used to collect unknown liquid samples or acid in a pinch.Įxplorers pack - 10 days of not needing a survival check.Ĭalligraphers supplies - A must have for spell casters with spell books. Poisoners kit - Great for collecting poisons or liquids from creatures you defeat. I'm going to include must have tools and/or equipment. * This feature is available as part of File Commander Premium. Work with virtually all available file formats such as: PDF, DOCX, XLSX, EPUB, MOBI, HTML, TXT, GIF, JPG, FLAC, MP3, MP4, M4A CSV, BMP, PPTX, TIFF, and many more.File Commander incorporates a file conversion** service which allows you to convert from more than 1200 different file formats.Strong password encryption ensures no one can access your files but you.Select desired files & folders and secure them from prying eyes.File Commander’s Vault allows you to protect your sensitive data.Analyzes internal and external storage locations.Provides suggestions on what can be deleted or moved to free up storage.The Storage Analyzer* shows detailed information on what takes up space.Available Offline – Convenient access to selected MobiSystems Drive files even without an internet or data connection.Share any files & folders without limitations.Get 5GB of FREE storage (or up to 50GB for Premium) to safely store your files.Access Windows/ SMB based local network locations, FTP/FTPS servers & Remote shares (for Sony Xperia devices).Login profile can save your app settings and personalizations across devices.Link up with nearby devices via Bluetooth.Bookmark* favorite files & folders for faster access.Add files to archives to save space and data.PC File Transfer – manage & transfer your files and folders directly from your PC.Quickly pick up where you left off using the Recent files feature.Access to hidden files and folders* – see system protected data.Easily manage external storage such as microSD cards and USB OTG drives (if supported).Recycle Bin* allows you to restore & manage deleted files.Support for the most popular cloud services: Google Drive, DropBox, Box & Microsoft OneDrive.Categories for your Music, Picture, and Video files, along with sections for Archives, Documents, and more.Find files easily from the fully-customizable Home screen with quick access tiles.Fully optimized for Android P, File Commander is loaded with features - Vault security, Recycle Bin, Storage Analyzer, File Converter & also receive 5GB Free storage on MobiDrive. File Commander is a powerful file manager that allows you to handle any file on your Android device, cloud storage or network location via a clean and intuitive interface. 4Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA. 3Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA. 2Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA. The micro-environment for this study, depicted in Fig. 1, consisted of three different degrees of physical confinement, as follows: narrow confinement (5 by 5 μm in height and width, denoted as 5_5) for observing the cells when they were forced to alter their structure to migrate wide confinement (15 by 15 μm in height and width, denoted as 15_15), where cellsĭepartment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA. Taxol was chosen as a model anticancer drug due to its known efficacy in the treatment of many cancers, given its effects on microtubule assembly, which results in the apoptosis of tumors16,17. We used engineered Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices to study the effects of Paclitaxel (referred to as Taxol) on primary cancers and genetically modified cell lines in three different physical confinements. Herein, we report the resulting effect of physical confinement on anticancer drug resistance of different cancer cell lines, including those with different stages of carcinogenic mutations. Recent studies of invasive cancers have not only elucidated the mechanisms of cellular adaptation in confinement, such as the change in cell morphology and migration modality10–14 but also emphasized their resistance to many chemotherapeutic drugs15. It is thought that during infiltration through tissues, lymphatic vessels, white matter tracts, etc., cancer cells encounter a specific degree of physical confinement9. In many cases, the tumors become highly malignant and develop secondary cancers8. Despite numerous antitumor drugs, cancer cells remain highly resistant to chemotherapy treatment. Consequently, patients with neuroblastoma or GBM have 5-year survival rates of 59% and 5%, respectively4,7. GBM is the most common type of malignant brain cancer, a finding that is exacerbated by its rapid growth and highly diffuse infiltration6. Another example is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV glioma, which has an occurrence of 3.19 per 100,000 people, and represents 16% of all primary brain cancers6,7. Among all patients suffering from neuroblastomas, more than 50% are diagnosed with metastasis5. For instance, neuroblastomas, which are thought to form during the development of the peripheral nervous system3, have been reported to have an occurrence of 10.9 per million children and 52.6 per million infants anually4. These effects become more severe in patients with metastatic cancers, which present major challenges in therapeutic treatments. More than 120 types of primary tumors can occur in the human nervous system, and detrimentally affect the life of many people at all ages1,2. Taken together, our data suggests key targets for anticancer drugs based on cellular genotypes and their specific survival phenotypes during confined migration. Similarly, survival of D54-EGFRvIII cells was unaffected following treatment with Taxol, whereas the viability of D54 cells was reduced by 75% under these conditions. In addition, Braf conferred increased resistance to the microtubule-stabilizing drug Taxol in narrow confinement. We found that loss of PTEN combined with Braf activation resulted in higher viability in narrow microchannels. In this study, we utilized microchannel devices to examine the effect of a confined environment on the viability and drug resistance of the following brain cancer cell lines: primary cancers (glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma), human brain cancer cell lines (D54 and D54-EGFRvIII), and genetically modified mouse astrocytes (wild type, p53−/−, p53−/− PTEN−/−, p53−/− Braf, and p53−/− PTEN−/− Braf). Received: accepted: 27 April 2016 Published: īrain Tumor Genetic Modification Yields Increased Resistance to Paclitaxel in Physical Confinement Loan Bui1, Alissa Hendricks1, Jamie Wright1, Cheng-Jen Chuong1, Digant Davé1,2, Robert Bachoo3 & Young-tae Kim1,4 Brain tumor cells remain highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, particularly malignant and secondary cancers. Over the last two years, NASA and its U.S. This will allow increased facility occupancy by relaxing crew time constraints for facility installation, operations, and maintenance. To ensure maximum use of crew time for research, a set of reserve activities are always available on orbit, and if mission changes allow additional research to be completed, the scheduling of these activities can increase crew time use in a given period to slightly greater than 100 percent.īecause it is a limiting factor, the ISS Program is working to expand the availability of crew time for research through efficiencies, and through future augmentation to seven crew planned with the arrival of commercial crew capability in 2017. This is a minimal number representing the time when a crewmember is specifically scheduled to complete a research activity during the work day. Many experiments require little or no crew time, but it is a constraining factor for research that needs a human operator particularly in the internal research facilities and duty cycles to successfully complete research objectives.īased on the overall program requirements for safe operations with 6 crew, a minimum of 35 hours per week is treated as the US segment crew time baseline for estimating the percentage of crew time used for research. Crew time is used to maintain the ISS systems, for sleep and hygiene, and to complete ISS research tasks. The baseline for estimating the percentage occupancy is the NASA facilities at assembly complete.Ĭrew time for research is the percentage of crew time available for research that was used in a given planning period. A combination of occupancy of multi-user rack facilities at the sub-rack-level, instruments occupying external sites, and facility-class rack use are averaged together to determine the overall facility occupancy. The level of facility utilization is measured by the combination of occupancy of internal research facility sites, occupancy of external research facilities, and the use of available duty cycles of operational facilities. These are measured every six months based on the ISS research planning cycle. As long as transportation is not a limiting factor, the progress toward increasing utilization can be measured in two dimensions: facility occupancy, and use of available crew time for research. Continued funding and development of new research and technology payloads and the continued availability of the commercial cargo vehicles and International Partner vehicles is required to increase ISS utilization.Īt this time, transportation capability is not limiting research use of ISS however actual launch dates and cargo capacity for new research payloads may affect the progress toward increasing utilization if the flights flow into subsequent years. The demand for use of ISS for research is driven by the funding of research by NASA, other government agencies and the private sector. The supply or capacity of the laboratory to support research is determined by the infrastructure in orbit, the transportation system, and the crew availability. Increasing facility utilization (subsequently referred to as “occupancy”) is a function of the demand for the use of ISS and the supply or capacity of the laboratory to support research. |
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